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Documentation - Common UNIX Printing System Documentation
CUPS provides both the System V (lp(1)) and Berkeley (lpr(1))
printing commands for printing files. In addition, it supported a
large number of standard and printer-specific options that allow you
to control how and where files are printed.
Printing Files
CUPS understands many different types of files directly, including
text, PostScript, PDF, and image files. This allows you to print
from inside your applications or at the command-line, whichever is
most convenient! Type either of the following commands to print a
file to the default (or only) printer on the system:
lp filename
lpr filename
Choosing a Printer
Many systems will have more than one printer available to the user.
These printers can be attached to the local system via a parallel,
serial, or USB port, or available over the network. Use the
lpstat(1) command to see a list of available printers:
lpstat -p -d
The -p option specifies that you want to see a list of printers, and
the -d option reports the current default printer or class.
Use the -d option with the lp command to print to a specific
printer:
lp -d printer filename
or the -P option with the lpr command:
lpr -P printer filename
Setting the Default Printer
If you normally use a particular printer, you can tell CUPS to use
it by default using the lpoptions(1) command:
lpoptions -d printer
Printing the Output of a Program
Both the lp and lpr commands support printing from the standard
input:
program | lp
program | lp -d printer
program | lpr
program | lpr -P printer
If the program does not provide any output, then nothing will be
queued for printing.
Specifying Printer Options
For many types of files, the default printer options may be
sufficient for your needs. However, there may be times when you need
to change the options for a particular file you are printing.
The lp and lpr commands allow you to pass printer options using the
-o option:
lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
The available printer options vary depending on the printer. The
standard options are described in the "Standard Printing Options"
section below.
Printing Multiple Copies
Both the lp and lpr commands have options for printing more than one
copy of a file:
lp -n num-copies filename
lpr -#num-copies filename
Copies are normally not collated for you. Use the -o Collate=True
option to get collated copies:
lp -n num-copies -o Collate=True filename
lpr -#num-copies -o Collate=True filename
Canceling a Print Job
The cancel(1) and lprm(1) commands cancel a print job:
cancel job-id
lprm job-id
The job-id is the number that was reported to you by the lp command.
You can also get the job ID using the lpq(1) or lpstat commands:
lpq
lpstat
Standard Printing Options
The following options apply when printing all types of files.
Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source
The -o media=xyz option sets the media size, type, and/or source:
lp -o media=Letter filename
lp -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose filename
lpr -o media=Letter,Transparency filename
lpr -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose,Transparency filename
The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the printer,
but most support the following options (case is not significant):
Letter - US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm)
Legal - US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm)
A4 - ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm)
COM10 - US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or 241x105mm)
DL - ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm)
Transparency - Transparency media type or source
Upper - Upper paper tray
Lower - Lower paper tray
MultiPurpose - Multi-purpose paper tray
LargeCapacity - Large capacity paper tray
The actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD file
in the PageSize, InputSlot, and MediaType options. You can list them
using the lpoptions(1) command:
lpoptions -p printer -l
Setting the Orientation
The -o landscape option will rotate the page 90 degrees to print in
landscape orientation:
lp -o landscape filename
lpr -o landscape filename
The -o orientation-requested=N option rotates the page depending on
the value of N:
-o orientation-requested=3 - portrait orientation (no rotation)
-o orientation-requested=4 - landscape orientation (90 degrees)
-o orientation-requested=5 - reverse landscape or seascape
orientation (270 degrees)
-o orientation-requested=6 - reverse portrait or upside-down
orientation (180 degrees)
Printing On Both Sides of the Paper
The -o sides=two-sided-short-edge and -o sides=two-sided-long-edge
options will enable two-sided printing on the printer if the printer
supports it. The -o sides=two-sided-short-edge option is suitable
for landscape pages, while the -o sides=two-sided-long-edge option
is suitable for portrait pages:
lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename
lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename
lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename
The default is to print single-sided:
lp -o sides=one-sided filename
lpr -o sides=one-sided filename
Selecting the Banner Page(s)
The -o jobsheets=start,end option sets the banner page(s) to use for
a job:
lp -o job-sheets=none filename
lp -o job-sheets=standard filename
lpr -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename
If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed before the
files in the job. If a second banner file is specified, it is
printed after the files in the job.
The available banner pages depend on the local system configuration;
CUPS includes the following banner files:
none - Do not produce a banner page.
classified - A banner page with a "classified" label at the top
and bottom.
confidential - A banner page with a "confidential" label at the
top and bottom.
secret - A banner page with a "secret" label at the top and
bottom.
standard - A banner page with no label at the top and bottom.
topsecret - A banner page with a "top secret" label at the top and
bottom.
unclassified - A banner page with an "unclassified" label at the
top and bottom.
Selecting a Range of Pages
The -o page-ranges=pages option selects a range of pages for
printing:
lp -o page-ranges=1 filename
lp -o page-ranges=1-4 filename
lp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename
lpr -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename
As shown above, the pages value can be a single page, a range of
pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by
commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order,
regardless of the order of the pages in the page-ranges option.
The default is to print all pages.
Selecting Even or Odd Pages
Use the -o page-set=set option to select the even or odd pages:
lp -o page-set=odd filename
lp -o page-set=even filename
lpr -o page-set=even filename
The default is to print all pages.
N-Up Printing
The -o number-up=value option selects N-Up printing. N-Up printing
places multiple document pages on a single printed page. CUPS
supports 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 16-Up formats; the default format is
1-Up:
lp -o number-up=1 filename
lp -o number-up=2 filename
lp -o number-up=4 filename
lpr -o number-up=16 filename
The -o page-border=value option chooses the border to draw around
each page:
-o page-border=double; draw two hairline borders around each page
-o page-border=double-thick; draw two 1pt borders around each page
-o page-border=none; do not draw a border (default)
-o page-border=single; draw one hairline border around each page
-o page-border=single-thick; draw one 1pt border around each page
The -o number-up-layout=value option chooses the layout of the pages
on each output page:
-o number-up-layout=btlr; Bottom to top, left to right
-o number-up-layout=btrl; Bottom to top, right to left
-o number-up-layout=lrbt; Left to right, bottom to top
-o number-up-layout=lrtb; Left to right, top to bottom (default)
-o number-up-layout=rlbt; Right to left, bottom to top
-o number-up-layout=rltb; Right to left, top to bottom
-o number-up-layout=tblr; Top to bottom, left to right
-o number-up-layout=tbrl; Top to bottom, right to left
Scaling to Fit
The -o fitplot option specifies that the document should be scaled
to fit on the page:
lp -o fitplot filename
lpr -o fitplot filename
The default is to use the size specified in the file.
Note: This feature depends upon an accurate size in the print
file. If no size is given in the file, the page may be scaled
incorrectly!
Raw or Unfiltered Output
The -o raw option allows you to send files directly to a printer
without filtering. This is sometimes required when printing from
applications that provide their own "printer drivers" for your
printer:
lp -o raw filename
lpr -o raw filename
The -l option can also be used with the lpr command to send files
directly to a printer:
lpr -l filename
Text Options
CUPS supports several options that are only used when printing plain
text files. These options have absolutely no effect on PostScript,
PDF, HP-GL/2, or image files.
Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch
The -o cpi=value option sets the number of characters per inch:
lp -o cpi=10 filename
lp -o cpi=12 filename
lpr -o cpi=17 filename
The default characters per inch is 10.
Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch
The -o lpi=value option sets the number of lines per inch:
lp -o lpi=6 filename
lpr -o lpi=8 filename
The default lines per inch is 6.
Setting the Number of Columns
The -o columns=value option sets the number of text columns:
lp -o columns=2 filename
lpr -o columns=3 filename
The default number of columns is 1.
Setting the Page Margins
Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the printer.
Use the -o page-left=value, -o page-right=value, -o page-top=value,
and -o page-bottom=value options to adjust the page margins:
lp -o page-left=value filename
lp -o page-right=value filename
lp -o page-top=value filename
lp -o page-bottom=value filename
lpr -o page-left=value -o page-right=value -o page-top=value -o page-bottom=value filename
The value argument is the margin in points; each point is 1/72 inch
or 0.35mm.
Pretty Printing
The -o prettyprint option puts a header at the top of each page with
the page number, job title (usually the filename), and the date.
Also, C and C++ keywords are highlighted, and comment lines are
italicized:
lp -o prettyprint filename
lpr -o prettyprint filename